Understanding Firmware
What is firmware? What is its function? In this article, we will clearly introduce and explain how firmware works in Ultimaker printers and how to update it. Let's get started!
What is firmware?
To understand the differences between Ultimaker 2 and Ultimaker 3 firmware, you first need to understand what firmware is. Simply put, it's a computer program – just like Cura. Or Windows, Android, Microsoft Word, Chrome, iTunes, or WhatsApp, the same concept applies!
However, unlike these examples, firmware is highly specialized because it's a computer program designed to ensure specific machine function instructions – in this case, the machine refers to a 3D printer. Firmware is stored inside the 3D printer (in a special computer) and controls the mainboard, screen, light brightness, and even hotend temperature when printing. Without firmware, an Ultimaker 3D printer would be no more useful than a rock.
Cura VS Firmware
Cura and firmware are closely related but operate very differently. Cura receives commands from the user in the form of a 3D model. It then converts these into a set of instructions for the 3D printer. The firmware then prints the final 3D model based on these instructions.
『CAD → 3D Model → Cura → G-code → [Sent to 3D printer] → Firmware → Physical Object』
Ultimaker Original and Ultimaker 2
The Ultimaker Original and Ultimaker 2 are similar in that they both have the same small mainboard – they perform almost identical tasks. The Ultimaker 2 firmware is an improved version of the Ultimaker Original, with better user flow.
The mainboard in the Ultimaker Original and Ultimaker 2 is actually not that fast. It has the same processing power as a first-generation Gameboy, which is quite limited. And there are no advanced features such as Wi-Fi or space to store print jobs on the printer.
It's important to know that it has:
● Limited connectivity (USB cable and SD)
● No automatic update mechanism
● No internal storage space to store files
● Limited functionality
Updating firmware)
Due to limited connectivity, lack of internal storage, and no automatic update mechanism, updates must be performed manually using an external cable and Cura. You can refer to this guide for more details.
Ultimaker 3
The Ultimaker 3's mainboard is faster, better, and stronger – in fact, it's almost equivalent to a modern smartphone. This allows us to add features like Wi-Fi, wired network, USB, and a camera.
We can even connect to the internet from the Ultimaker 3 – Ultimaker firmware is pushing 3D printing technology to a new level. Now there's storage space, a network interface, attached files, and even additional applications (APP). Check out this article to learn about the new features of the firmware.
Updating firmware on Ultimaker 3
Improvements mean that the Ultimaker 3 does not rely on Cura to update its firmware, and can update automatically. It can even download firmware from the internet. Alternatively, you can manually download updates and install them via a USB drive. You can find step-by-step instructions in this guide.
Article Source: https://ultimaker.com/en/blog/37084-understanding-firmware
[3D Printing Software] About Firmware - Essential Knowledge for 3D Printing